Types of MRI Scan Explained: Open, Closed, With Contrast, 3T, Upright, and Sedation
Not all MRI scans are the same. The type of scanner, whether contrast dye is used, and the field strength all affect cost, quality, and what the scan detects. This guide explains every type with UK and US cost implications.
Closed MRI (Standard)
The standard MRI scanner used in the vast majority of clinical settings. A narrow cylindrical tunnel (bore) typically 60–70cm in diameter. Produces the highest image quality at 1.5T or 3T field strength.
- Best image quality
- Widest availability
- Required for neurological and cardiac imaging
- UK: standard pricing (no premium)
- US: baseline pricing
Open MRI
Open on the sides — the magnet is above and below, not surrounding you. Lower field strength (0.3–1.0T). Better for claustrophobic patients and larger body types. Slight reduction in image quality compared to closed.
- No enclosed tube — most comfortable
- Lower field strength (0.3–1.0T)
- Adequate for musculoskeletal imaging
- Not preferred for neurological imaging
- 10–20% premium over closed MRI
With Contrast vs Without Contrast
Gadolinium contrast dye is given as an IV injection during the scan. It does not contain iodine (unlike CT contrast) and is generally very well tolerated.
| Without Contrast | With Contrast | |
|---|---|---|
| UK cost addition | — | +£100–£200 |
| US cost addition | — | +$110–$310 |
| IV injection | No | Yes — in arm/hand |
| Common indications | Routine structural imaging | Tumour, MS, post-op, blood vessels |
| Scan time | 30–45 min | 45–60 min |
| Safety concerns | None | Not for severe kidney disease; rare allergy |
Who decides if contrast is needed? The radiologist or your ordering physician specifies on the referral. Ask them: “Does my scan require contrast?” before booking. If contrast isn't specified on your referral, the imaging centre may add it based on the radiologist's assessment — confirm in advance if cost is a concern.
3T vs 1.5T MRI: Which Do You Need?
Tesla (T) refers to the magnetic field strength. Higher field = stronger signal = sharper images.
1.5T — Standard
The workhorse of clinical MRI. Widely available. Clinically sufficient for most diagnostic purposes including most joint, spinal, abdominal, and pelvic imaging.
3T — High Field
Sharper images, faster scanning. Preferred for neurological imaging, cardiac MRI, and complex musculoskeletal cases. Not all imaging centres have 3T — check before booking if your referral specifies it.
Upright MRI
The patient sits or stands in the scanner. Used for spinal conditions that change under load (e.g. spondylolisthesis that reduces when lying flat). Very limited availability — fewer than 20 centres in the UK.
MRI With Sedation
Used for severe claustrophobia, young children, or patients who cannot remain still. Options range from mild oral sedative to IV conscious sedation to general anaesthesia (for children under specialist care).
Which MRI Type is Right for You?
Are you claustrophobic?
→ Request an open MRI or wide-bore closed MRI. Oral sedation is a cost-effective alternative.
Is your scan for the brain or spinal cord?
→ 3T closed MRI preferred for highest resolution. 1.5T adequate for most cases.
Did your doctor order contrast?
→ Confirm on the referral. If not ordered, ask before the scan to avoid an unexpected surcharge.
Musculoskeletal imaging (joint, back) and cost is a concern?
→ Standard 1.5T closed MRI without contrast is sufficient for most joint and spinal cases.
Load-bearing spinal symptoms that haven't shown on standard MRI?
→ Ask your spinal consultant about upright MRI. Very niche but appropriate for specific cases.
MRI Types — Frequently Asked Questions
Closed (standard) MRI has a narrow cylindrical tunnel (bore) — typically 60–70cm diameter. It produces the highest quality images and is used for the vast majority of scans. Open MRI has a wider opening, with the magnet above and below rather than surrounding you. It is more comfortable for claustrophobic patients and can accommodate larger patients. The trade-off is lower magnetic field strength (typically 0.3–1.0T vs 1.5–3.0T for closed), resulting in slightly lower image resolution. For most musculoskeletal imaging (knee, shoulder, spine), open MRI is adequate. For neurological imaging, 1.5T or 3T closed MRI is preferred.